分词作状语

As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。

If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.

假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。

典型例题

1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

A. Followed　B. Followed by　C. Being followed　D. Having been followed

答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.

2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.　

A. followed　B. following　C. to be followed　D. being followed

答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。

3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.

A. Heating　B. To be heated　 C. Heated　 D. Heat

答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…

注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。

(Being) used for a long time, the book looks old.

由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。

Using the book, I find it useful.

在使用的过程中，　我发现这本书很有用。

信息扩展、思维发散

分词的时态

1）与主语动词同时，

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.　 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。

Arriving there, they found the boy dead.　刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。

典型例题

The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare　B. preparing　C. prepared　D. was preparing　

答案B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。

2）先于主动词

While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。

分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。

Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out.

做完作业后，他出去了。

典型例题

___ a reply, he decided to write again.　

A. Not receiving　B. Receiving not　C. Not having received　 D. Having not received　　

答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

分词的语态

1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：

He is the man giving you the money.　(= who gave you…)　他就是给你钱的那个人。

He is the man stopped by the car.　　( = who was stopped by…)

他就是那个被车拦住的人。

2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生　

gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned

例: a well-read person.　　一个读过许多书的人

a much-travelled may　一个去过许多地方的人

a burnt-out match　　 烧完了的火柴