-ing 形式作状语用法[四注意]

-ing 形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为、方式、伴随状况等.如:

Being a teacher , you should help your students in every way .(原因)

He died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done (so that he left the experiment half-done).(结果)

Seeing my parents waving in the crowd , I went running to them.(时间;方式)

The students entered the classroom, following their English teacher .(伴随)

Listening to English every day (If you listen to English every day), you’ll learn it well step by step.(条件)

学习ing形式作状语的用法时,需要注意以下四点:

(一) 与过去分词作状语的区别.一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成.试比较:

The enemy fled in a panic ,leaving behind a lot of dead bodies and weapons.

Defeated and frightened , the enemy fled in a panic.

[分析]: 前一例中的-ing 形式短语在句子中作伴随状语,它与其逻辑主语the enemy之间为主动关系;后一句中的过去分词defeated 和frightened 表原因,它与其逻辑主语the enemy 之间为被动关系.

(二) 关于逻辑主语的问题.-ing 形式作状语时,一般情况下，其逻辑主语应与株主句的主语保持一致.如:

Comparing all the great people with each other , you’ll find that they have much in common.

Finding her car stolen , she hurried to a policeman for help .(上海 2001,28)

Having suffered from hear trouble for years , Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.(上海 2001春,38)

Having suffered such heavy pollution already , it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2001,35)

[分析]:前三例中, -ing 形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语.最后一例中,have suffered 的逻辑主语是the river ,并不是主句的主语it .这种用法极为少见,有的语法家称其为垂悬分词,我们在学习中不宜模仿.

(三) –ing 形式的否定式.其基本结构是:not + -ing 形式,无论在完成式还是被动式里,not 必须置于 –ing 形式之前.如:

Not having finished his homework, the boy was still doing it in the classroom .

(四) –ing 形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个壮语从句.根据这个性质,我们在使用-ing 形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接.如:

walking on the fallen leaves in autumn , so you’ll fell very comfortable .(X)

[分析]:如前所述,-ing 形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后半句中的连词so 的使用是错误的,应该去掉.原句应改为:

Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn , you’ll fell very comfortable.

巩固性练习:

请用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空:

1. (live) in a southern city of China ,I have never seen such a wonderful snow view.

2. (not grow) up yet , you’re not allowed to enter the bars.

3. (encourage) by the director , the actors performed wonderfully in the play .

4. (Know) all this , they made me pay for the damage .

students are sitting in the reading-room , (read) all kinds of books .

key:

1. Living

2. Not having grown

3. Encouraged

4. knowing

5. reading

重庆 陈觉法

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